Carbohydrates :: essays research papers

IntroductionCarbohydrates are molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The most basic sugar- carbohydrate is the monosaccharide. Carbohydrate molecules are categorized by the number of carbons present in the molecule. Glucose, the most common monosaccharide has six carbons per molecule, which is called a hexose. Carbohydrates also have a 21 hydrogen to atomic number 8 ratio. This aids in the condensation and hydrolysis chemical reactions. A condensation reaction occurs when cardinal monosaccharides join by the removal of H2O. During condensation synthesis one monosaccharide losses an OH and the other losses a H. As a result the two monosaccharides bond by forming maltose a disaccharide with a by-product of a sluttish H2O. When three or more monosaccharides or monomer are involved in a condensation synthesis a polymer or polysaccharide is formed with a by product of water. Starch and Glycogen are two common chain polymers.Just as the removal of water joins carbohydrat es together via condensation synthesis, hydrolysis is the reaction use water to break apart Di and polysaccharide. A Di-saccharide is bound by sharing an oxygen with one hydrogen on each opposing side. When H2O is re-introduced via hydrolysis the two monomers in the disaccharide no longer need to share one H2O, and as a result the opposing sides absorb the OH and H and break apart. This reaction is a common theme in the digestion of complex carbohydrates.Experiment 3 Test for SugarsWe will block out five different resolvings for presence or absence of reducing sugars utilise a premixed Benedicts reagent. These dependent variable solutions will be water, glucose , onion juice, potato juice, and starch suspension. When the Benidicts reagent is combined with sugars at a boiling temperature, a color reaction will occur. Our independent variable, Benidicts reagent color is blue.The negative control will be the combination of water and Benidicts reagent. This sample will undergo all t he steps of the test except for the one being tested for i.e. sugars. If the end result is negative color change (blue) , it will thus be determined that the experiment and the Benidicts reagent is non contaminated and the experiment may proceed. The negative control will also serve as a comparison to gauge against the color change in the other four sugar tests.EXPERIMENT 3 Test for Sugars TESTS MAT. & METHODS HYPOTHESIS RESULTSTube 1 1cm water+2cm Benidicts reagent. No color changeNegative control no color change. Neg-sugar. BlueTube 2 1cm glucose solution+ 2cm Benidicts reagent.